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A point source of light is at the bottom of a vessel, at a depth $h = 3$ m below the surface of a liquid with refractive index $n = 1.25$ (see the figure). A bright circle is seen on the surface of the liquid, outside of which no light leaves the liquid into the air. Find the radius $R$ of this…
An object is placed at a distance $d = 20$ cm from a diverging lens of focal length $f = -10$ cm. Find the image distance and state what kind of image it is.
A light ray passes from air into glass of refractive index $n = 1.5$ at an angle of incidence $\alpha = 30°$. Find the angle of refraction $\beta$.
An object is placed at a distance $d = 30$ cm from a converging lens of focal length $f = 10$ cm. Find the distance $d'$ from the lens to the image of the object.