Physics formulas

$$U = I \cdot R$$ Ohm's law The current in a part of a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the … $$P = UI$$ Electric power Electric power equals voltage times current: P = UI. $$Q = I^2 R t$$ Joule–Lenz law The heat released by a conductor equals the square of the current times resistance times time: Q = I²Rt.

$$F = k\,\frac{|q_1|\,|q_2|}{r^2}$$ Coulomb's law Magnitude of the force with which two point charges in vacuum act on each other

$$E_p = mgh$$ Potential energy The energy of a body's position in a gravitational field equals mass times free-fall acceleration times heigh… $$E_k = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$$ Kinetic energy The energy of a body in motion equals half the product of mass and the square of speed: E = mv² / 2.

$$p = \frac{F}{S}$$ Pressure Pressure is the force applied per unit area: p = F / S. $$\rho = \frac{m}{V}$$ Density Density is the mass per unit volume: ρ = m / V.

$$v = \frac{s}{t}$$ Speed Speed is the distance travelled by a body per unit of time: v = s / t.

$$F = ma$$ Newton's second law The force acting on a body equals the product of its mass and acceleration: F = ma.

$$pV = \nu R T$$ Ideal gas law The ideal gas equation of state links pressure, volume, amount of substance and temperature: pV = νRT.

$$Q = cm\Delta T$$ Heat quantity The heat needed to change a body's temperature equals specific heat capacity times mass times temperature dif…

$$\eta = \frac{Q_1 - Q_2}{Q_1}$$ Heat engine efficiency The efficiency of a heat engine is the work divided by the heat taken from the source: η = (Q₁ − Q₂) / Q₁.

$$\frac{1}{F} = \frac{1}{d} + \frac{1}{f}$$ Thin lens formula The reciprocals of the focal, object and image distances of a thin lens are linked by: 1/F = 1/d + 1/f.

$$T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{l}{g}}$$ Simple pendulum period The period of a simple pendulum depends only on the string length and the free-fall acceleration: T = 2π√(l/g…